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Text File  |  1992-09-05  |  54KB  |  923 lines
  1. Newsgroups: comp.sources.misc,comp.lang.perl
  2. From: jv@mh.nl (Johan Vromans)
  3. Subject:  v32i001:  perlref - Perl Reference Guide 4.035.1, Part01/04
  4. Message-ID: <csm-v32i001=perlref.213734@sparky.IMD.Sterling.COM>
  5. X-Md4-Signature: 1c079b5e5d70442981a80528f1bbd560
  6. Date: Fri, 4 Sep 1992 02:38:24 GMT
  7. Approved: kent@sparky.imd.sterling.com
  8.  
  9. Submitted-by: jv@mh.nl (Johan Vromans)
  10. Posting-number: Volume 32, Issue 1
  11. Archive-name: perlref/part01
  12. Supersedes: perlref: Volume 28, Issue 77-79
  13. Environment: Perl v4.035
  14.  
  15. Finally here it is: the new and updated version of the 
  16.  
  17.     Perl Reference Guide.
  18.  
  19. This version has been updated to match Perl 4.035.
  20.  
  21. Two ways to produce the Guide are included: a ready-to-print 
  22. PostScript version and a LaTeX source kit.
  23.  
  24. The Perl Reference Guide is a typeset quick reference guide to
  25. Larry Wall's Perl program.
  26.  
  27. It contains a concise description of all Perl 4.0 statements,
  28. functions, variables and lots of other useful information. 
  29. The Guide is based on Perl version 4.0, patchlevel 35.
  30.  
  31. The purpose of the Reference Guide is to aid in the use of Perl, to
  32. look up the syntax of specific functions, statements and the meaning
  33. of built-in variables.  It is *NOT* a self-contained user guide -
  34. basic knowledge of the Perl language is required. It is *NOT* complete
  35. - some of the more obscure variants of perl constructs have been left
  36. out.  But all functions and variables are mentioned in at least one
  37. way they can be used.
  38.  
  39. Happy hacking!
  40.  
  41.     Johan
  42. ------
  43. #! /bin/sh
  44. # This is a shell archive.  Remove anything before this line, then feed it
  45. # into a shell via "sh file" or similar.  To overwrite existing files,
  46. # type "sh file -c".
  47. # Contents:  README refbase.ps.B
  48. # Wrapped by kent@sparky on Wed Sep  2 21:35:20 1992
  49. PATH=/bin:/usr/bin:/usr/ucb:/usr/local/bin:/usr/lbin ; export PATH
  50. echo If this archive is complete, you will see the following message:
  51. echo '          "shar: End of archive 1 (of 4)."'
  52. if test -f 'README' -a "${1}" != "-c" ; then 
  53.   echo shar: Will not clobber existing file \"'README'\"
  54. else
  55.   echo shar: Extracting \"'README'\" \(6524 characters\)
  56.   sed "s/^X//" >'README' <<'END_OF_FILE'
  57. X                 INTRODUCTION
  58. X                 ============
  59. X
  60. X             The Perl 4.0 Reference Guide
  61. X
  62. X            Revised: 92/09/02
  63. X
  64. XThe Perl Reference Guide is a typeset quick reference guide to
  65. XLarry Wall's Perl program.
  66. X
  67. XIt contains a concise description of all Perl 4.0 statements,
  68. Xfunctions, variables and lots of other useful information. 
  69. XThe Guide is based on Perl version 4.0, patchlevel 35.
  70. X
  71. XThe purpose of the Reference Guide is to aid in the use of Perl, to
  72. Xlook up the syntax of specific functions, statements and the meaning
  73. Xof built-in variables.  It is *NOT* a self-contained user guide -
  74. Xbasic knowledge of the Perl language is required. It is *NOT* complete
  75. X- some of the more obscure variants of perl constructs have been left
  76. Xout.  But all functions and variables are mentioned in at least one
  77. Xway they can be used.
  78. X
  79. XThe Reference Guide is designed and created by Johan Vromans using the
  80. XLaTex typesetting system. For best results, Tom Rockiki's dvips 5.47
  81. Xshould be used to generate the PostScript output.
  82. XYour mileage may vary when you use other ouput mechanisms.
  83. X
  84. XA special formatting tool, written in Perl, makes it possible to
  85. Xreformat this PostScript output for reproduction in a number of
  86. Xformats.  If you cannot run this tool, you do not need the
  87. Xinformation either.
  88. X
  89. XThe version number of the Reference Guide is coupled to the version of
  90. XPerl, e.g. 4.019.2 means: the third release suitable for perl 4
  91. Xpatchlevel 19. 
  92. X
  93. XINSTALLATION
  94. X============
  95. X
  96. X 1. Unload the distribution
  97. X
  98. X    After unloading the distribution, you will have the following files:
  99. X
  100. X    README        - this file
  101. X    ChangeLog   - description of changes
  102. X    Makefile    - make file
  103. X    parr        - reformat and rearrange tool
  104. X    Layout        - description of the format
  105. X
  106. X    The LeTeX kit includes
  107. X
  108. X    refbase.tex - LaTeX source for the Reference Guide
  109. X    refbase.sty - LaTeX style for the Reference Guide
  110. X
  111. X    The PostScript kit includes
  112. X
  113. X    refbase.ps  - pre-generated PostScript base
  114. X
  115. X 2. Create the PostScript base file
  116. X
  117. X    You can skip this step if you already have a pre-generated
  118. X    PostScript base file.
  119. X    This step requires the LaTeX typesetting system, and dvips version
  120. X    5.47 or later.
  121. X
  122. X    - Use "make refbase-ps" (a dash, not a dot) to create a new
  123. X      PostScript file from the LaTeX source. This file can be printed
  124. X      normally. 
  125. X
  126. X    NOTE: dvips must be instructed to use a4 format paper ('-t a4')
  127. X      even if you intend to print on a different format!
  128. X
  129. X 3. Create the RefGuide from the PostScript base
  130. X
  131. X    As distributed, the Makefile is configured to generate output for
  132. X    A4 (21 x 29.7 cm) paper format. Use "make PAPER= ..." to select US
  133. X    Letter (8.5 x 11") format.  Both formats should be printable on
  134. X    all industry-standard PostScript printers.
  135. X
  136. X    You can use "make" to generate a new PostScript file for one of
  137. X    the following formats:
  138. X
  139. X     - Use "make refguide.ps" to create a guide formatted in 10 pages
  140. X       of 2-column text. It should be printed double-sided, stapled in
  141. X       the middle, folded, and cut to size to have a 16-page 3.5 x 8"
  142. X       booklet.
  143. X
  144. X     - Use "make 2pass" to create a set of odd and even pages for
  145. X       double sided printing. First print "guide-odd.ps". Then put the
  146. X       paper back in the tray, and print either "guide-even1.ps" or
  147. X       "guide-even2.ps", depending on the way your printer arranges
  148. X       the printed paper.
  149. X       "guide-even1.ps" is for printers with correct output stacking like
  150. X       Apple LaserWriter II. 
  151. X       "guide-even2.ps" is for printers with reverse output stacking,
  152. X       like old Apple LaserWriters. 
  153. X       In other words, after printing "guide-odd.ps", if the
  154. X       text of the cover page is on top -- use "guide-even1.ps".
  155. X       But if you're looking at the text of pages 9/10 -- use
  156. X       "guide-even2.ps". 
  157. X
  158. X    "make" without arguments will default to refguide.ps .
  159. X
  160. X    If your printout is not correct, feel free to change the figures in
  161. X    subroutine 'twoup' of the 'parr' program. The file Layout
  162. X    describes in more detail how the Guide should look like.
  163. X
  164. X    On printers that support it, duplex printing is done.
  165. X
  166. XComments are welcome, send them to the author.
  167. X
  168. XIF YOU DON'T HAVE A POSTSCRIPT PRINTER
  169. X======================================
  170. X
  171. XLook in perlref.sty for comments with ">>>>" as a guide.  The output
  172. Xwill not be as perfect, but still very useful.
  173. X
  174. XHISTORY
  175. X=======
  176. X
  177. XThe first version of the Reference Guide --"reference card" is was
  178. Xcalled then-- appeared in 1989 with perl version 2.0. It was created
  179. Xusing an Apple Macintosh and the RagTime DeskTop publishing tool.
  180. XIt was 9 pages, I believe. The PostScript output was extracted from
  181. Xthe Mac and hacked for 'normal' use with the macps program.
  182. X
  183. XWith perl version 3 came the next version. A 15-page card format, and
  184. Xa 16-page reference guide. This time, the Guide was created using
  185. XMicroSoft Word, still on Macintosh. Tools were supplied to manipulate
  186. Xthe PostScript file to suit different printing formats.
  187. XIn a later version, the card format was abandoned.
  188. X
  189. XNext came the Camel version, with perl 4.0. Lots of measurements had
  190. Xbeen taken to have the abundance of new functions fit on 16 pages.
  191. X
  192. XAfter the book appeared, I decided to rework the Guide to use more
  193. Xpages, and different styles and fonts for clarity. I reworked the
  194. XMS-Word version, to find out that the resultant PostScript file had
  195. Xincreased from 90Kb to 180Kb! 
  196. XSo I decided to start again, from scratch (well, almost) using the
  197. XLaTeX typesetting system. The resultant PostScript file is now 80Kb,
  198. Xwhile it prints out almost identical to the 180Kb MS-Word version.
  199. X
  200. XCREDITS
  201. X=======
  202. X
  203. XThe Perl Reference Guide is copyrighted by the author. It may be
  204. Xreproduced, printed and distributed freely, as long as the original
  205. Xauthor gets the credits, and the copyright notice is not removed from
  206. Xthe text. It may not be turned into a commercial product except with
  207. Xwritten permission of the author.
  208. X
  209. X---------------------------- author info -----------------------------
  210. X                Johan Vromans
  211. X Multihouse Research, Doesburgweg 7, 2803 PL  Gouda, the Netherlands
  212. X           tel. +31 1820 62911, fax. +31 1820 62500
  213. X              email: <jv@mh.nl>
  214. X----------------------------------------------------------------------
  215. X
  216. XI like to thank everyone who has helped me (and encouraged me) to get
  217. Xthe job done, and to get the results to you. Especially Tom
  218. XChristiansen and JGreely (for "parr") And Larry Wall, of course,
  219. Xwithout whom I would have spent lots of time annoying myself.
  220. X
  221. X
  222. X-- PostScript is a trademark of Adobe, I assume.
  223. X@(#)@ README    4.2.5
  224. END_OF_FILE
  225.   if test 6524 -ne `wc -c <'README'`; then
  226.     echo shar: \"'README'\" unpacked with wrong size!
  227.   fi
  228.   # end of 'README'
  229. fi
  230. if test -f 'refbase.ps.B' -a "${1}" != "-c" ; then 
  231.   echo shar: Will not clobber existing file \"'refbase.ps.B'\"
  232. else
  233.   echo shar: Extracting \"'refbase.ps.B'\" \(43530 characters\)
  234.   sed "s/^X//" >'refbase.ps.B' <<'END_OF_FILE'
  235. X(the)g(list)g(must)472 876 y(be)h(the)f(numerical)g(mode.)354
  236. X941 y Fd(chown\()p Ff(LIST)p Fd(\))p Fj(*)472 997 y(Changes)h(the)f(owner)h
  237. X(and)f(group)g(of)h(a)f(list)g(of)g(\256les.)h(The)f(\256rst)h(two)f
  238. X(elements)f(of)i(the)472 1054 y(list)f(must)f(be)h(the)h(numerical)f(uid)f
  239. X(and)i(gid.)354 1118 y Fd(truncate\()p Ff(FILE)p Fd(,)p Ff(SIZE)p
  240. XFd(\))472 1175 y Fj(truncates)g Ff(FILE)f Fj(to)g Ff(SIZE)p
  241. XFj(.)g Ff(FILE)g Fj(may)g(be)g(a)h(\256lename)g(or)f(a)h(\256lehandle.)354
  242. X1240 y Fd(link\()p Ff(OLDFILE)p Fd(,)p Ff(NEWFILE)p Fd(\))472
  243. X1296 y Fj(Creates)h(a)e(new)h(\256lename)g(linked)e(to)h(the)g(old)g
  244. X(\256lename.)354 1361 y Fd(lstat\()p Ff(FILE)p Fd(\))472 1417
  245. Xy Fj(Like)h(stat,)f(but)g(does)g(not)f(traverse)i(a)g(\256nal)g(symbolic)e
  246. X(link.)354 1482 y Fd(mkdir\()p Ff(DIR)p Fd(,)p Ff(MODE)p Fd(\))472
  247. X1538 y Fj(Creates)j(a)e(directory)h(with)e(given)h(permissions.)f(Sets)i
  248. XFi($!)g Fj(on)f(failure.)354 1603 y Fd(readlink\()p Ff(EXPR)p
  249. XFe(y)o Fd(\))p Fj(*)472 1660 y(Returns)h(the)f(value)g(of)h(a)g(symbolic)d
  250. X(link.)354 1724 y Fd(rename\()p Ff(OLDNAME)p Fd(,)p Ff(NEWNAME)p
  251. XFd(\))472 1781 y Fj(Changes)j(the)f(name)h(of)f(a)h(\256le.)354
  252. X1846 y Fd(rmdir\()p Ff(FILENAME)p Fe(y)n Fd(\))p Fj(*)472 1902
  253. Xy(Deletes)g(the)f(directory)g(if)h(it)e(is)h(empty)m(.)g(Sets)h
  254. XFi($!)g Fj(on)f(failure.)354 1967 y Fd(stat\()p Ff(FILE)p Fd(\))472
  255. X2023 y Fj(Returns)h(a)g(13-element)e(array)j(\()p Fi($)p Fj(dev)m(,)f
  256. XFi($)p Fj(ino,)g Fi($)p Fj(mode,)f Fi($)q Fj(nlink,)f Fi($)q
  257. XFj(uid,)h Fi($)p Fj(gid,)h Fi($)p Fj(rdev)m(,)472 2080 y Fi($)q
  258. XFj(size,)g Fi($)p Fj(atime,)f Fi($)q Fj(mtime,)f Fi($)q Fj(ctime,)h
  259. XFi($)p Fj(blksize,)h Fi($)p Fj(blocks\).)f Ff(FILE)g Fj(can)h(be)g(a)472
  260. X2136 y(\256lehandle,)g(an)e(expression)g(evaluating)g(to)g(a)h(\256lename,)g
  261. X(or)g Fi(_)g Fj(to)f(refer)i(to)e(the)h(last)f(\256le)472 2193
  262. Xy(test)h(operation.)472 2249 y(Returns)h(a)g(null)e(list)g(if)i(the)f
  263. XFd(stat)g Fj(fails.)354 2314 y Fd(symlink\()p Ff(OLDFILE)p
  264. XFd(,)p Ff(NEWFILE)p Fd(\))472 2370 y Fj(Creates)i(a)e(new)h(\256lename)g
  265. X(symbolically)d(linked)i(to)g(the)g(old)g(\256lename.)354 2435
  266. Xy Fd(unlink\()p Ff(LIST)p Fd(\))p Fj(*)472 2491 y(Deletes)h(a)f(list)g(of)g
  267. X(\256les.)354 2556 y Fd(utime\()p Ff(LIST)p Fd(\))p Fj(*)472
  268. X2613 y(Changes)h(the)f(access)h(and)f(modi\256cation)f(times.)g(The)i
  269. X(\256rst)f(two)g(elements)f(of)h(the)g(list)472 2669 y(must)g(be)g(the)g
  270. X(numerical)g(access)h(and)g(modi\256cation)e(times.)p 354 3018
  271. X1512 3 v 1838 3065 a Fg(8)p eop
  272. X%%Page: 9 11
  273. Xbop 354 -101 a Fg(Perl)14 b(Reference)f(Guide)p 354 -89 1512
  274. X3 v 355 -2 a Fl(14.)19 b(Directory)j(reading)e(routines)p 355
  275. X19 1512 2 v 354 119 a Fd(closedir\()p Ff(DIRHANDLE)p Fd(\))p
  276. XFj(*)472 176 y(Closes)12 b(a)f(directory)h(opened)f(by)g(opendir)m(.)354
  277. X241 y Fd(opendir\()p Ff(DIRHANDLE)p Fd(,)p Ff(DIRNAME)p Fd(\))472
  278. X297 y Fj(Opens)h(a)f(directory)g(on)h(the)f(handle)g(speci\256ed.)354
  279. X362 y Fd(readdir\()p Ff(DIRHANDLE)p Fd(\))p Fj(*)472 418 y(Returns)h(the)f
  280. X(next)g(entry)g(\(or)h(an)g(array)g(of)f(entries\))h(in)f(the)g(directory)m
  281. X(.)354 483 y Fd(rewinddir\()p Ff(DIRHANDLE)p Fd(\))p Fj(*)472
  282. X540 y(Positions)f(the)i(directory)f(to)g(the)g(beginning.)354
  283. X604 y Fd(seekdir\()p Ff(DIRHANDLE)p Fd(,)p Ff(POS)p Fd(\))472
  284. X661 y Fj(Sets)h(position)e(for)h(readdir)h(on)f(the)g(directory)m(.)354
  285. X725 y Fd(telldir\()p Ff(DIRHANDLE)p Fd(\))p Fj(*)472 782 y(Returns)h(the)f
  286. X(postion)f(in)h(the)g(directory)m(.)355 905 y Fl(15.)19 b(Input)i(/)e(Output)
  287. Xp 355 926 V 354 1027 a Fj(In)12 b(input/output)c(operations,)k
  288. XFf(FILEHANDLE)e Fj(may)h(be)h(a)f(\256lehandle)h(as)f(opened)h(by)f(the)354
  289. X1083 y Fd(open)i Fj(operator)n(,)f(or)g(a)f(scalar)h(variable)g(which)f
  290. X(evaluates)g(to)g(the)g(name)g(of)h(a)g(\256lehandle)f(to)354
  291. X1140 y(be)h(used.)354 1204 y Fd(binmode\()p Ff(FILEHANDLE)p
  292. XFd(\))p Fj(*)472 1261 y(Arranges)g(for)g(the)f(\256le)h(opened)f(on)g
  293. XFf(FILEHANDLE)g Fj(to)g(be)g(read)h(in)f(\252binary\272)h(mode)472
  294. X1317 y(as)g(opposed)f(to)f(\252text\272)i(mode)f(\(MS-DOS)h(only\).)354
  295. X1382 y Fd(close\()p Ff(FILEHANDLE)p Fd(\))p Fj(*)472 1438 y(Closes)g(the)f
  296. X(\256le)h(or)f(pipe)g(associated)g(with)g(the)g(\256le)h(handle.)354
  297. X1503 y Fd(dbmclose\()p Fi(\045)q Ff(ARRA)m(Y)p Fd(\))p Fj(*)472
  298. X1560 y(Breaks)h(the)e(binding)f(between)h(the)h(array)g(and)f(the)g(dbm)g
  299. X(\256le.)354 1624 y Fd(dbmopen\()p Fi(\045)r Ff(ARRA)m(Y)p
  300. XFd(,)p Ff(DBMNAME)p Fd(,)d Ff(MODE)p Fd(\))472 1681 y Fj(Binds)j(a)h(dbm)f
  301. X(or)g(ndbm)g(\256le)g(to)g(the)h(associative)e(array)m(.)j(If)f(the)f
  302. X(database)h(does)f(not)472 1737 y(exist,)h(it)e(is)h(created)h(with)f(the)g
  303. X(indicated)g(mode.)354 1802 y Fd(eof\()p Ff(FILEHANDLE)p Fd(\))472
  304. X1859 y Fj(Returns)h(1)f(if)g(the)h(next)f(read)h(will)e(return)i(end)f(of)g
  305. X(\256le,)i(or)e(if)g(the)h(\256le)f(is)g(not)g(open.)354 1923
  306. Xy Fd(eof)56 b Fj(Returns)12 b(the)f(eof)h(status)e(for)i(the)f(last)g(\256le)
  307. Xh(read.)354 1988 y Fd(eof\()g(\))472 2045 y Fj(Indicates)g(eof)f(on)h(the)f
  308. X(pseudo)f(\256le)i(formed)g(of)f(the)g(\256les)h(listed)e(on)h(the)g(command)
  309. X472 2101 y(line.)354 2166 y Fd(fcntl\()p Ff(FILEHANDLE)p Fd(,)p
  310. XFf(FUNCTION)p Fd(,)p Fi($)o Ff(V)m(AR)p Fd(\))472 2222 y Fj(Implements)f(the)
  311. Xi Fb(fcntl)p Fj(\(2\))f(function.)g(This)f(function)h(has)g(non-standard)g
  312. X(return)472 2279 y(values.)h(See)g(the)g(manual)e(for)i(details.)354
  313. X2343 y Fd(\256leno\()p Ff(FILEHANDLE)p Fd(\))p Fj(*)472 2400
  314. Xy(Returns)g(the)f(\256le)h(descriptor)f(for)h(a)f(given)g(\(open\))h(\256le.)
  315. X354 2465 y Fd(\257ock\()p Ff(FILEHANDLE)p Fd(,)p Ff(OPERA)m(TION)p
  316. XFd(\))472 2521 y Fj(Calls)f Fb(\257ock)q Fj(\(2\))g(on)g(the)g(\256le.)g
  317. XFf(OPERA)m(TION)g Fj(adds)f(from)h(1)g(\(shared\),)g(2)g(\(exclusive\),)g(4)
  318. X472 2578 y(\(non-blocking\))g(or)g(8)g(\(unlock\).)354 2642
  319. Xy Fd(getc)p Fj([)p Fd(\()p Ff(FILEHANDLE)p Fd(\))p Fj(*])472
  320. X2699 y(Y)m(ields)h(the)f(next)g(character)i(from)e(the)g(\256le,)h(or)g
  321. XFi("")g Fj(on)f(EOF)l(.)h(If)g Ff(FILEHANDLE)f Fj(is)472 2755
  322. Xy(omitted,)g(reads)h(from)f Fi(STDIN)p Fj(.)354 2820 y Fd(ioctl\()p
  323. XFf(FILEHANDLE)p Fd(,)p Ff(FUNCTION)p Fd(,)p Fi($)n Ff(V)m(AR)p
  324. XFd(\))472 2876 y Fj(performs)h Fb(ioctl)p Fj(\(2\))f(on)g(the)g(\256le.)h
  325. X(This)f(function)f(has)i(non-standard)e(return)i(values.)472
  326. X2933 y(See)h(the)e(manual)g(for)h(details.)p 354 3018 1512
  327. X3 v 354 3065 a Fg(9)p eop
  328. X%%Page: 10 12
  329. Xbop 1362 -101 a Fg(Perl)14 b(Reference)f(Guide)p 354 -89 1512
  330. X3 v 354 -12 a Fd(open\()p Ff(FILEHANDLE)p Fj([)p Fd(,)p Ff(FILENAME)p
  331. XFj(])p Fd(\))472 45 y Fj(Opens)f(a)f(\256le)h(and)f(associates)g(it)g(with)g
  332. XFf(FILEHANDLE)p Fj(.)g(If)g Ff(FILENAME)f Fj(is)h(omitted,)472
  333. X101 y(the)h(scalar)g(variable)f(of)h(the)f(same)g(name)g(as)h(the)f
  334. XFf(FILEHANDLE)f Fj(must)h(contain)f(the)472 158 y(\256lename.)472
  335. X222 y(The)i(following)e(\256lename)i(conventions)e(apply)h(when)g(opening)f
  336. X(a)i(\256le.)472 287 y Fi(")p Ff(FILE)p Fi(")95 b Fj(open)11
  337. Xb Ff(FILE)g Fj(for)h(input.)e(Also)h Fi("<)p Ff(FILE)p Fi(")p
  338. XFj(.)472 352 y Fi(">)p Ff(FILE)p Fi(")68 b Fj(open)11 b Ff(FILE)g
  339. XFj(for)h(output,)e(creating)i(it)e(if)i(necessary)m(.)472 417
  340. Xy Fi(">>)p Ff(FILE)p Fi(")41 b Fj(open)11 b Ff(FILE)g Fj(in)g(append)g(mode.)
  341. X472 482 y Fi("+>)p Ff(FILE)p Fi(")41 b Fj(open)11 b Ff(FILE)g
  342. XFj(with)g(read/write)g(access.)472 546 y Fi("|)q Ff(CMD)p Fi(")60
  343. Xb Fj(opens)11 b(a)g(pipe)g(to)g(command)g Ff(CMD)p Fj(.)472
  344. X611 y Fi(")p Ff(CMD)p Fi(|)q(")60 b Fj(opens)11 b(a)g(pipe)g(from)h(command)e
  345. XFf(CMD)p Fj(.)472 676 y Ff(FILE)i Fj(may)f(be)g Fi(&)p Ff(FILEHND)g
  346. XFj(in)g(which)g(case)h(the)g(new)f(\256le)h(handle)f(is)g(connected)g(to)472
  347. X732 y(the)h(\(previously)e(opened\))i(\256lehandle)f Ff(FILEHND)p
  348. XFj(.)472 797 y Fd(open)i Fj(returns)e(1)g(upon)g(success,)h
  349. XFd(undef)g Fj(otherwise,)g(except)f(for)h(pipes.)f(The)472
  350. X853 y(parentheses)h(may)f(be)g(omitted,)g(if)g(only)g(a)g Ff(FILEHANDLE)g
  351. XFj(is)g(speci\256ed.)354 918 y Fd(pipe\()p Ff(READHANDLE)p
  352. XFd(,)p Ff(WRITEHANDLE)p Fd(\))472 975 y Fj(Returns)h(a)g(pair)f(of)g
  353. X(connected)h(pipes.)354 1039 y Fd(print)p Fj([)p Fd(\()p Fj([)p
  354. XFf(FILEHANDLE)p Fj(])p Ff(LIST)p Fe(y)o Fd(\))p Fj(*])472 1096
  355. Xy(Prints)f(a)h(string)f(or)g(a)h(comma-separated)f(list)f(of)i(strings.)e(If)
  356. Xi Ff(FILEHANDLE)f Fj(is)472 1152 y(omitted,)g(prints)f(by)h(default)h(to)e
  357. X(standard)i(output)e(\(or)h(to)g(the)h(last)e(selected)i(output)472
  358. X1209 y(channel)g(-)f(see)h Fd(select)p Fj(\).)354 1274 y Fd(printf)p
  359. XFj([)p Fd(\()p Fj([)p Ff(FILEHANDLE)p Fj(])f Ff(LIST)p Fd(\))p
  360. XFj(*])472 1330 y(Equivalent)g(to)g Fd(print)g Ff(FILEHANDLE)g
  361. XFd(sprintf\()p Ff(LIST)p Fd(\))p Fj(.)354 1395 y Fd(read\()p
  362. XFf(FILEHANDLE)p Fd(,)p Fi($)p Ff(V)m(AR)p Fd(,)p Ff(LENGTH)p
  363. XFj([)p Fd(,)p Ff(OFFSET)p Fj(])p Fd(\))472 1451 y Fj(Read)i
  364. XFf(LENGTH)e Fj(binary)h(bytes)e(from)i(the)f(\256le)h(into)e(the)h(variable)h
  365. X(at)f Ff(OFFSET)p Fj(.)472 1508 y(Returns)h(number)f(of)g(bytes)g(actually)g
  366. X(read.)354 1572 y Fd(seek\()p Ff(FILEHANDLE)p Fd(,)p Ff(POSITION)p
  367. XFd(,)p Ff(WHENCE)p Fd(\))472 1629 y Fj(Arbitrarily)g(positions)f(the)h
  368. X(\256le.)h(Returns)f(1)h(upon)e(success,)i(0)f(otherwise.)354
  369. X1694 y Fd(select)p Fj([)p Fd(\()p Ff(FILEHANDLE)p Fd(\))p Fj(])472
  370. X1750 y(Returns)h(the)f(currently)g(selected)h(\256lehandle.)g(Sets)f(the)h
  371. X(current)f(default)g(\256lehandle)472 1807 y(for)h(output)e(operations)h(if)g
  372. XFf(FILEHANDLE)g Fj(is)g(supplied.)354 1871 y Fd(select\()p
  373. XFf(RBITS)p Fd(,)p Ff(WBITS)p Fd(,)p Ff(NBITS)p Fd(,)o Ff(TIMEOUT)p
  374. XFd(\))472 1928 y Fj(Performs)h(a)g Fb(select)p Fj(\(2\))g(system)e(call)i
  375. X(with)e(the)h(same)h(parameters.)354 1993 y Fd(sprintf\()p
  376. XFf(FORMA)m(T)p Fd(,)p Ff(LIST)p Fd(\))472 2049 y Fj(Returns)g(a)g(string)e
  377. X(formatted)h(by)g(\(almost)f(all)i(of\))f(the)g(usual)g(printf)g
  378. X(conventions.)354 2114 y Fd(sysread\()p Ff(FILEHANDLE)p Fd(,)p
  379. XFi($)p Ff(V)m(AR)p Fd(,)p Ff(LENGTH)p Fj([)p Fd(,)p Ff(OFFSET)p
  380. XFj(])p Fd(\))472 2170 y Fj(Reads)h Ff(LENGTH)g Fj(bytes)f(into)g
  381. XFi($)p Ff(V)m(AR)g Fj(at)g Ff(OFFSET)p Fj(.)354 2235 y Fd(syswrite\()p
  382. XFf(FILEHANDLE)p Fd(,)p Ff(SCALAR)p Fd(,)p Ff(LENGTH)p Fj([)p
  383. XFd(,)p Ff(OFFSET)p Fj(])p Fd(\))472 2291 y Fj(W)n(rites)h Ff(LENGTH)g
  384. XFj(bytes)e(from)i Ff(SCALAR)e Fj(at)h Ff(OFFSET)p Fj(.)354
  385. X2356 y Fd(tell)p Fj([)p Fd(\()p Ff(FILEHANDLE)p Fd(\))p Fj(]*)472
  386. X2413 y(Returns)h(the)f(current)h(\256le)g(position)d(for)j(the)f(\256le.)h
  387. X(If)g Ff(FILEHANDLE)f Fj(is)f(omitted,)472 2469 y(assumes)h(the)g(\256le)h
  388. X(last)f(read.)354 2534 y Fd(write)p Fj([)p Fd(\()p Ff(FILEHANDLE)p
  389. XFd(\))p Fj(]*)472 2590 y(W)n(rites)h(a)f(formatted)g(record)h(to)f(the)h
  390. X(speci\256ed)f(\256le,)i(using)d(the)h(format)g(associated)472
  391. X2647 y(with)g(that)g(\256le.)h(See)g(\252Formats\272.)p 354
  392. X3018 V 1811 3065 a Fg(10)p eop
  393. X%%Page: 11 13
  394. Xbop 354 -101 a Fg(Perl)14 b(Reference)f(Guide)p 354 -89 1512
  395. X3 v 355 -2 a Fl(16.)19 b(Search)i(and)g(replace)f(functions)p
  396. X355 19 1512 2 v 354 119 a Fj([)p Ff(EXPR)11 b Fi(=\304)p Fj(])h([)p
  397. XFd(m)p Fj(])p Fi(/)p Ff(P)m(A)m(TTERN)p Fi(/)p Fj([)p Fd(g)p
  398. XFj(][)p Fd(i)p Fj(][)p Fd(o)p Fj(])472 176 y(Searches)h Ff(EXPR)e
  399. XFj(\(default:)g Fi($_)p Fj(\))h(for)g(a)f(pattern.)h(If)g(you)f(prepend)g(an)
  400. Xh Fd(m)f Fj(you)g(can)h(use)472 232 y(almost)f(any)g(pair)g(of)h(characters)g
  401. X(as)g(delimiters.)e(If)i(used)f(in)g(array)h(context,)g(an)f(array)472
  402. X289 y(is)g(returned)h(consisting)d(of)j(the)f(subexpressions)f(matched)h(by)g
  403. X(the)g(parentheses)h(in)472 345 y(pattern,)g(i.e.)g Fi(\($1,$2,$3)q(,.)q
  404. X(..\))q Fj(.)472 402 y(Optional)f(modi\256ers:)f Fd(g)i Fj(matches)f(as)h
  405. X(many)e(times)h(as)g(possible;)f Fd(i)h Fj(searches)h(in)f(a)472
  406. X458 y(case-insensitive)g(manner;)g Fd(o)h Fj(interpolates)e(variables)i(only)
  407. Xe(once.)472 515 y(If)i Ff(P)m(A)m(TTERN)f Fj(is)g(empty)m(,)g(the)g(most)g
  408. X(recent)h(pattern)f(from)g(a)h(previous)e(match)h(or)472 571
  409. Xy(replacement)h(is)f(used.)472 628 y(W)n(ith)g Fd(g)h Fj(the)f(match)g(can)h
  410. X(be)g(used)f(as)g(an)h(iterator)f(in)g(scalar)h(context.)354
  411. X692 y Fi(?)p Ff(P)m(A)m(TTERN)p Fi(?)472 749 y Fj(This)f(is)g(just)f(like)h
  412. X(the)g Fi(/)p Ff(P)m(A)m(TTERN)p Fi(/)h Fj(search,)h(except)e(that)g(it)g
  413. X(matches)g(only)g(once)472 805 y(between)h(calls)f(to)g(the)g(reset)h
  414. X(operator)m(.)g(If)g Ff(P)m(A)m(TTERN)f Fj(is)g(empty)m(,)g(the)g(most)g
  415. X(recent)472 862 y(pattern)h(from)f(a)h(previous)e(match)h(or)h(replacement)f
  416. X(is)g(used.)354 926 y([)p Fi($)q Ff(V)m(AR)g Fi(=\304)p Fj(])h
  417. XFd(s)p Fi(/)p Ff(P)m(A)m(TTERN)p Fi(/)p Ff(REPLACEMENT)p Fi(/)p
  418. XFj([)p Fd(g)p Fj(][)p Fd(i)p Fj(][)p Fd(e)p Fj(][)p Fd(o)p
  419. XFj(])472 983 y(Searches)h(a)f(string)e(for)i(a)g(pattern,)f(and)h(if)f
  420. X(found,)g(replaces)h(that)f(pattern)g(with)g(the)472 1039 y(replacement)h
  421. X(text)f(and)g(returns)g(the)h(number)f(of)g(substitutions)d(made.)k
  422. X(Otherwise)f(it)472 1096 y(returns)h(false.)472 1152 y(Optional)f
  423. X(modi\256ers:)f Fd(g)i Fj(replaces)g(all)f(occurrences)h(of)g(the)f(pattern;)
  424. Xg Fd(e)g Fj(interprets)g(the)472 1209 y(replacement)h(string)e(as)i(an)f
  425. X(expression;)g Fd(i)g Fj(and)g Fd(o)h Fj(as)f(with)g Fi(/)p
  426. XFf(P)m(A)m(TTERN)p Fi(/)h Fj(matching.)472 1265 y(Almost)e(any)i(delimiter)e
  427. X(may)h(replace)h(the)f(slashes;)g(if)g(single)g(quotes)f(are)j(used,)e(no)472
  428. X1322 y(interpretation)g(is)g(done)g(on)g(the)g(replacement)h(string.)472
  429. X1378 y(If)g(bracketing)f(quotes)g(are)h(used,)g Ff(P)m(A)m(TTERN)f
  430. XFj(and)g Ff(REPLACEMENT)f Fj(may)h(have)472 1434 y(their)h(own)f(delimiters,)
  431. Xf(e.g.)i Fi(s\(foo\)[b)q(ar])q Fj(.)472 1491 y(If)g Ff(P)m(A)m(TTERN)f
  432. XFj(is)g(empty)m(,)g(the)g(most)g(recent)h(pattern)f(from)g(a)h(previous)e
  433. X(match)h(or)472 1547 y(replacement)h(is)f(used.)354 1612 y
  434. XFd(study)p Fj([)p Fd(\()p Fi($)q Ff(V)m(AR)p Fe(y)o Fd(\))p
  435. XFj(*])472 1669 y(Study)g(the)h(contents)e(of)i Fi($)p Ff(V)m(AR)f
  436. XFj(in)g(anticipation)f(of)h(doing)g(many)g(pattern)g(matches)472
  437. X1725 y(on)h(the)f(contents)f(before)i(it)f(is)g(next)g(modi\256ed.)354
  438. X1790 y([)p Fi($)q Ff(V)m(AR)g Fi(=\304)p Fj(])h Fd(tr)p Fi(/)p
  439. XFf(SEARCHLIST)p Fi(/)p Ff(REPLACEMENTLIST)p Fi(/)p Fj([)p Fd(c)p
  440. XFj(][)p Fd(d)p Fj(][)p Fd(s)p Fj(])472 1846 y(T)n(ranslates)g(all)f
  441. X(occurrences)h(of)g(the)f(characters)i(found)e(in)f(the)i(search)g(list)e
  442. X(with)h(the)472 1903 y(corresponding)g(character)i(in)e(the)g(replacement)h
  443. X(list.)e(It)i(returns)f(the)g(number)g(of)472 1959 y(characters)i(replaced.)f
  444. XFd(y)g Fj(may)f(be)g(used)h(instead)e(of)i Fd(tr)p Fj(.)472
  445. X2016 y(Optional)f(modi\256ers:)f Fd(c)i Fj(complements)e(the)h
  446. XFf(SEARCHLIST)p Fj(;)f Fd(d)h Fj(deletes)h(all)472 2072 y(characters)h(not)e
  447. X(found)g(in)g Ff(SEARCHLIST)p Fj(;)e Fd(s)j Fj(squeezes)g(all)f(sequences)g
  448. X(of)472 2129 y(characters)i(that)e(are)h(translated)f(into)f(the)i(same)f
  449. X(tar)o(get)g(character)i(into)e(one)472 2185 y(occurrence)i(of)f(this)e
  450. X(character)m(.)355 2417 y Fl(17.)19 b(System)i(interaction)p
  451. X355 2438 V 354 2539 a Fd(alarm\()p Ff(EXPR)p Fd(\))p Fj(*)472
  452. X2595 y(Schedules)12 b(a)g Fi(SIGALRM)i Fj(to)d(be)g(delivered)h(after)g
  453. XFf(EXPR)e Fj(seconds.)354 2660 y Fd(chdir)i Fj([)p Fd(\()p
  454. XFf(EXPR)p Fd(\))p Fj(*])472 2716 y(Changes)g(the)f(working)g(directory)m(,)h
  455. XFi($ENV{"HOME)q("})j Fj(if)c Ff(EXPR)g Fj(is)f(omitted.)354
  456. X2781 y Fd(chroot\()p Ff(FILENAME)p Fe(y)o Fd(\))p Fj(*)472
  457. X2837 y(Changes)i(the)f(root)g(directory)h(for)f(the)g(process)h(and)f(its)g
  458. X(children.)p 354 3018 1512 3 v 354 3065 a Fg(11)p eop
  459. X%%Page: 12 14
  460. Xbop 1362 -101 a Fg(Perl)14 b(Reference)f(Guide)p 354 -89 1512
  461. X3 v 354 -12 a Fd(die)p Fj([)p Fd(\()p Ff(LIST)p Fd(\))p Fj(*])472
  462. X45 y(Prints)e(the)h(value)f(of)g Ff(LIST)h Fj(to)e Fi(STDERR)k
  463. XFj(and)e(exits)e(with)h(the)g(current)h(value)f(of)h Fi($!)472
  464. X101 y Fj(\(errno\).)h(If)f Fi($!)g Fj(is)f(0,)h(exits)e(with)h(the)g(value)g
  465. X(of)h Fi(\($?)28 b(>>)h(8\))p Fj(.)12 b(If)g Fi(\($?)29 b(>>)f(8\))12
  466. Xb Fj(is)472 158 y(0,)g(exits)f(with)f(255.)i Ff(LIST)f Fj(defaults)g(to)g
  467. XFi("Died.")p Fj(.)354 222 y Fd(exec\()p Ff(LIST)p Fd(\))p Fj(*)472
  468. X279 y(Executes)h(the)f(system)f(command)h(in)g Ff(LIST)p Fj(;)f(does)i(not)e
  469. X(return.)354 344 y Fd(exit\()p Ff(EXPR)p Fd(\))p Fj(*)472 400
  470. Xy(Exits)h(immediately)e(with)i(the)g(value)h(of)f Fi(EXPR)p
  471. XFj(.)354 465 y Fd(fork)40 b Fj(Does)12 b(a)f Fb(fork)q Fj(\(2\))g(system)g
  472. X(call.)g(Returns)h(the)f(child)g(pid)g(to)f(the)i(parent)f(process)h(and)472
  473. X521 y(zero)g(to)f(the)h(child)e(process.)354 586 y Fd(getlogin)472
  474. X643 y Fj(Returns)i(the)f(current)h(login)e(name)h(as)h(known)f(by)g(the)g
  475. X(system.)354 707 y Fd(getpgrp)p Fj([)p Fd(\()p Ff(PID)p Fd(\))p
  476. XFj(*])472 764 y(Returns)h(the)f(process)g(group)g(for)h(process)f
  477. XFf(PID)g Fj(\(0,)h(or)f(omitted,)g(means)g(the)g(current)472
  478. X820 y(process\).)354 885 y Fd(getppid)472 941 y Fj(Returns)h(the)f(process)g
  479. X(id)g(of)h(the)f(parent)h(process.)354 1006 y Fd(getpriority\()p
  480. XFf(WHICH)p Fd(,)p Ff(WHO)p Fd(\))472 1063 y Fj(Returns)g(the)f(current)h
  481. X(priority)e(for)i(a)g(process,)f(process)h(group,)f(or)h(user)m(.)354
  482. X1127 y Fd(kill\()p Ff(LIST)p Fd(\))p Fj(*)472 1184 y(Sends)g(a)g(signal)e(to)
  483. Xh(a)h(list)e(of)h(processes.)h(The)g(\256rst)f(element)g(of)h(the)f(list)f
  484. X(must)g(be)i(the)472 1240 y(signal)f(to)g(send)g(\(numeric,)h(or)f(its)g
  485. X(name)g(as)g(a)h(string\).)354 1305 y Fd(setpgrp\()p Ff(PID)p
  486. XFd(,)p Ff(PGRP)p Fd(\))472 1362 y Fj(Sets)g(the)f(process)h(group)e(for)i
  487. X(the)f Ff(PID)g Fj(\(0)g(=)h(current)f(process\).)354 1426
  488. Xy Fd(setpriority\()p Ff(WHICH)p Fd(,)p Ff(WHO)p Fd(,)p Ff(PRIO)p
  489. XFd(\))472 1483 y Fj(Sets)h(the)f(current)h(priority)e(for)i(a)g(process,)f
  490. X(process)h(group,)f(or)h(a)f(user)m(.)354 1548 y Fd(sleep)p
  491. XFj([)p Fd(\()p Ff(EXPR)p Fd(\))p Fj(*])472 1604 y(Causes)h(the)f(script)g(to)
  492. Xf(sleep)h(for)h Ff(EXPR)e Fj(seconds,)h(or)g(forever)h(if)g(no)e
  493. XFf(EXPR)p Fj(.)h(Returns)472 1660 y(the)h(number)f(of)g(seconds)g(actually)g
  494. X(slept.)354 1725 y Fd(syscall\()p Ff(LIST)p Fd(\))p Fj(*)472
  495. X1782 y(Calls)h(the)f(system)f(call)i(speci\256ed)f(in)g(the)g(\256rst)h
  496. X(element)f(of)g(the)h(list,)e(passing)h(the)g(rest)472 1838
  497. Xy(of)h(the)f(list)f(as)i(ar)o(guments)f(to)g(the)g(call.)354
  498. X1903 y Fd(system\()p Ff(LIST)p Fd(\))p Fj(*)472 1959 y(Does)h(exactly)f(the)g
  499. X(same)g(thing)g(as)g Fd(exec)h Ff(LIST)f Fj(except)h(that)f(a)g(fork)h(is)f
  500. X(done)g(\256rst,)472 2016 y(and)h(the)f(parent)h(process)f(waits)g(for)g(the)
  501. Xh(child)e(process)i(to)f(complete.)354 2081 y Fd(times)472
  502. X2137 y Fj(Returns)h(a)g(4-element)f(array)h(\()p Fi($)p Fj(user)n(,)h
  503. XFi($)p Fj(system,)e Fi($)p Fj(cuser)n(,)h Fi($)q Fj(csystem\))e(giving)h(the)
  504. X472 2193 y(user)h(and)f(system)g(times,)f(in)h(seconds,)h(for)f(this)g
  505. X(process)g(and)g(the)h(children)f(of)g(this)472 2250 y(process.)354
  506. X2315 y Fd(umask)p Fj([)p Fd(\()p Ff(EXPR)p Fd(\))p Fj(*])472
  507. X2371 y(Sets)h(the)f(umask)g(for)g(the)h(process)f(and)g(returns)h(the)f(old)g
  508. X(one.)g(If)h Ff(EXPR)f Fj(is)g(omitted,)472 2428 y(returns)h(current)f(umask)
  509. Xg(value.)354 2492 y Fd(wait)37 b Fj(W)l(aits)12 b(for)f(a)h(child)f(process)g
  510. X(to)g(terminate)g(and)g(returns)h(the)f(pid)g(of)g(the)g(deceased)472
  511. X2549 y(process)h(\(-1)f(if)h(none\).)g(The)f(status)f(is)h(returned)h(in)f
  512. XFi($?)p Fj(.)354 2614 y Fd(waitpid\()p Ff(PID)p Fd(,)p Ff(FLAGS)p
  513. XFd(\))472 2670 y Fj(Performs)h(the)f(same)h(function)e(as)i(the)f
  514. X(corresponding)g(system)f(call.)354 2735 y Fd(warn\()p Ff(LIST)p
  515. XFd(\))p Fj(*)472 2791 y(Prints)h(the)h(message)f(on)g Fi(STDERR)j
  516. XFj(like)d Fd(die)p Fj(,)g(but)g(doesn')o(t)g(exit.)p 354 3018
  517. XV 1811 3065 a Fg(12)p eop
  518. X%%Page: 13 15
  519. Xbop 354 -101 a Fg(Perl)14 b(Reference)f(Guide)p 354 -89 1512
  520. X3 v 355 -2 a Fl(18.)19 b(Networking)p 355 19 1512 2 v 354 119
  521. Xa Fd(accept\()p Ff(NEWSOCKET)p Fd(,)p Ff(GENERICSOCKET)p Fd(\))472
  522. X176 y Fj(Accepts)12 b(a)g(new)f(socket.)354 241 y Fd(bind\()p
  523. XFf(SOCKET)p Fd(,)p Ff(NAME)p Fd(\))472 297 y Fj(Binds)g(the)h
  524. XFf(NAME)e Fj(to)h(the)g Ff(SOCKET)p Fj(.)354 362 y Fd(connect\()p
  525. XFf(SOCKET)p Fd(,)p Ff(NAME)p Fd(\))472 418 y Fj(Connects)h(the)f
  526. XFf(NAME)f Fj(to)h(the)h Ff(SOCKET)p Fj(.)354 483 y Fd(getpeername\()p
  527. XFf(SOCKET)p Fd(\))472 540 y Fj(Returns)g(the)f(socket)g(address)h(of)f(the)g
  528. X(other)g(end)h(of)f(the)h Ff(SOCKET)p Fj(.)354 604 y Fd(getsockname\()p
  529. XFf(SOCKET)p Fd(\))472 661 y Fj(Returns)g(the)f(name)g(of)h(the)f(socket.)354
  530. X725 y Fd(getsockopt\()p Ff(SOCKET)p Fd(,)p Ff(LEVEL)p Fd(,)p
  531. XFf(OPTNAME)p Fd(\))472 782 y Fj(Returns)h(the)f(socket)g(options.)354
  532. X847 y Fd(listen\()p Ff(SOCKET)p Fd(,)p Ff(QUEUESIZE)p Fd(\))472
  533. X903 y Fj(Starts)h(listening)e(on)h(the)g(speci\256ed)h Ff(SOCKET)p
  534. XFj(.)354 968 y Fd(recv\()p Ff(SOCKET)p Fd(,)p Ff(SCALAR)p Fd(,)p
  535. XFf(LENGTH)p Fd(,)p Ff(FLAGS)p Fd(\))472 1024 y Fj(Receives)h(a)e(message)h
  536. X(on)f Ff(SOCKET)p Fj(.)354 1089 y Fd(send\()p Ff(SOCKET)p Fd(,)p
  537. XFf(MSG)p Fd(,)p Ff(FLAGS[)p Fd(,)p Ff(T)o(O)p Fj(])p Fd(\))472
  538. X1146 y Fj(Sends)h(a)g(message)f(on)g(the)g Ff(SOCKET)p Fj(.)354
  539. X1210 y Fd(setsockopt\()p Ff(SOCKET)p Fd(,)p Ff(LEVEL)p Fd(,)p
  540. XFf(OPTNAME)p Fd(,)p Ff(OPTV)m(AL)p Fd(\))472 1267 y Fj(Sets)h(the)f
  541. X(requested)h(socket)f(option.)354 1332 y Fd(shutdown\()p Ff(SOCKET)p
  542. XFd(,)p Ff(HOW)p Fd(\))472 1388 y Fj(Shuts)g(down)g(a)h Ff(SOCKET)p
  543. XFj(.)354 1453 y Fd(socket\()p Ff(SOCKET)p Fd(,)p Ff(DOMAIN)p
  544. XFd(,)p Ff(TYPE)p Fd(,)p Ff(PROT)o(OCOL)p Fd(\))472 1509 y Fj(Creates)h(a)e
  545. XFf(SOCKET)h Fj(in)f Ff(DOMAIN)f Fj(with)h Ff(TYPE)f Fj(and)i
  546. XFf(PROT)o(OCOL)p Fj(.)354 1574 y Fd(socketpair\()p Ff(SOCKET1)p
  547. XFd(,)p Ff(SOCKET2)p Fd(,)p Ff(DOMAIN)p Fd(,)p Ff(TYPE)p Fd(,)p
  548. XFf(PROT)o(OCOL)p Fd(\))472 1630 y Fj(As)g(socket,)f(but)g(creates)h(a)g(pair)
  549. Xf(of)h(bi-directional)e(sockets.)355 1874 y Fl(19.)19 b(SystemV)i(IPC)p
  550. X355 1895 V 354 1995 a Fj(The)12 b(following)e(functions)g(all)h(perform)h
  551. X(the)f(same)g(action)g(as)h(the)f(corresponding)f(system)354
  552. X2052 y(calls.)354 2117 y Fd(msgctl\()p Ff(ID)p Fd(,)p Ff(CMD)p
  553. XFd(,)p Ff(ARGS)p Fd(\))354 2173 y(msgget\()p Ff(KEY)p Fd(,)p
  554. XFf(FLAGS)p Fd(\))354 2230 y(msgsnd\()p Ff(ID)p Fd(,)p Ff(MSG)p
  555. XFd(,)p Ff(FLAGS)p Fd(\))354 2286 y(msgrcv\()p Ff(ID)p Fd(,)p
  556. XFi($)p Ff(V)m(AR)p Fd(,)p Ff(SIZE)p Fd(,)p Ff(TYPE)p Fd(,)p
  557. XFf(FLAGS)p Fd(\))354 2342 y(semctl\()p Ff(ID)p Fd(,)p Ff(SEMNUM)p
  558. XFd(,)p Ff(CM)o(D)p Fd(,)p Ff(A)o(RG)p Fd(\))354 2399 y(semget\()p
  559. XFf(KEY)p Fd(,)p Ff(NSEMS)p Fd(,)p Ff(SI)o(ZE)p Fd(,)p Ff(FLAGS)p
  560. XFd(\))354 2455 y(semop\()p Ff(KEY)p Fd(,)p Fj(...)p Fd(\))354
  561. X2512 y(shmctl\()p Ff(ID)p Fd(,)p Ff(CMD)p Fd(,)p Ff(ARG)p Fd(\))354
  562. X2568 y(shmget\()p Ff(KEY)p Fd(,)p Ff(SIZE)p Fd(,)p Ff(FLAGS)p
  563. XFd(\))354 2625 y(shmread\()p Ff(ID)p Fd(,)p Fi($)q Ff(V)m(AR)p
  564. XFd(,)p Ff(POS)p Fd(,)p Ff(SIZE)p Fd(\))354 2681 y(shmwrite\()p
  565. XFf(ID)p Fd(,)p Ff(STRING)p Fd(,)p Ff(POS)p Fd(,)p Ff(SIZE)p
  566. XFd(\))p 354 3018 1512 3 v 354 3065 a Fg(13)p eop
  567. X%%Page: 14 16
  568. Xbop 1362 -101 a Fg(Perl)14 b(Reference)f(Guide)p 354 -89 1512
  569. X3 v 355 -2 a Fl(20.)19 b(Miscellaneous)p 355 19 1512 2 v 354
  570. X119 a Fd(caller)p Fj([)p Fd(\()p Ff(EXPR)p Fd(\))p Fj(])472
  571. X176 y(Returns)12 b(an)f(array)i(\()p Fi($)p Fj(package,)p Fi($)r
  572. XFj(\256le,)p Fi($)q Fj(line,...\))g(for)e(a)h(speci\256c)g(subroutine)e
  573. X(call.)472 232 y(\252)p Fi(caller)p Fj(\272)15 b(returns)c(this)f(info)h(for)
  574. Xh(the)f(current)h(subroutine,)f(\252)p Fi(caller\(1\))p Fj(\272)k(for)472
  575. X289 y(the)d(caller)f(of)h(this)e(subroutine)h(etc..)354 354
  576. Xy Fd(de\256ned\()p Ff(EXPR)p Fd(\))p Fj(*)472 410 y(T)m(ests)g(whether)h(the)
  577. Xf(lvalue)g Ff(EXPR)f Fj(has)i(a)f(real)h(value.)354 475 y Fd(dump)h
  578. XFj([)p Ff(LABEL)p Fj(])472 531 y(Immediate)e(core)h(dump.)f(When)g
  579. X(reincarnated,)i(starts)e(at)g Ff(LABEL)p Fj(.)354 596 y Fd(local\()p
  580. XFf(LIST)p Fd(\))472 652 y Fj(Creates)i(a)e(scope)h(for)g(the)f(listed)f
  581. X(variables)h(local)h(to)e(the)i(enclosing)e(block,)472 709
  582. Xy(subroutine)h(or)g(eval.)354 774 y Fd(package)i Ff(NAME)472
  583. X830 y Fj(Designates)e(the)g(remainder)h(of)f(the)h(current)f(block)g(as)h(a)f
  584. X(package.)354 895 y Fd(require\()p Ff(EXPR)p Fe(y)o Fd(\))p
  585. XFj(*)472 951 y(Includes)h(the)f(speci\256ed)h(\256le)f(from)g(the)h(perl)f
  586. X(library)m(.)h(Does)f(not)g(include)g(more)g(than)472 1008
  587. Xy(once,)h(and)g(yields)e(a)i(fatal)g(error)g(if)f(the)g(\256le)h(does)f(not)g
  588. X(include)g(OK.)354 1073 y Fd(reset)h Fj([)p Fd(\()p Ff(EXPR)p
  589. XFd(\))p Fj(*])472 1129 y(Resets)g Fi(??)g Fj(searches)g(so)f(that)g(they)g
  590. X(work)h(again.)f Ff(EXPR)g Fj(is)g(a)g(list)g(of)g(single)g(letters.)472
  591. X1185 y(All)g(variables)g(and)h(arrays)g(beginning)e(with)g(one)i(of)f(those)g
  592. X(letters)g(are)h(reset)g(to)f(their)472 1242 y(pristine)g(state.)g(Only)g(af)
  593. Xo(fects)h(the)g(current)f(package.)354 1307 y Fd(scalar\()p
  594. XFf(EXPR)p Fd(\))472 1363 y Fj(Forces)i(evaluation)d(of)i Ff(EXPR)e
  595. XFj(in)h(scalar)h(context.)354 1428 y Fd(sub)h Ff(NAME)d Fi({)i
  596. XFf(EXPR)e Fi(;)i Fj(...)h Fi(})472 1484 y Fj(Designates)e Ff(NAME)g
  597. XFj(as)g(a)h(subroutine.)e(Parameters)j(are)f(passed)f(by)g(reference)i(as)472
  598. X1541 y(array)g Fi(@_)p Fj(.)f(Returns)g(the)f(value)g(of)h(the)f(last)g
  599. X(expression)f(evaluated.)354 1606 y Fd(undef)p Fj([)p Fd(\()p
  600. XFf(L)m(V)m(ALUE)p Fd(\))p Fj(*])472 1662 y(Unde\256nes)i(the)f
  601. XFf(L)m(V)m(ALUE)p Fj(.)g(Always)g(returns)g(the)g(unde\256ned)h(value.)354
  602. X1727 y Fd(wantarray)472 1783 y Fj(Returns)g(true)f(if)h(the)f(current)h
  603. X(context)e(expects)i(an)f(array)i(value.)355 1906 y Fl(21.)19
  604. Xb(Formats)p 355 1927 V 354 2028 a Fd(format)12 b Fj([)p Ff(NAME)p
  605. XFj(])f Fi(=)354 2084 y Ff(FORMLIST)354 2141 y Fi(.)354 2206
  606. Xy Ff(FORMLIST)h Fj(pictures)f(the)g(lines,)g(and)g(contains)g(the)g(ar)o
  607. X(guments)g(which)g(will)f(give)h(values)354 2262 y(to)g(the)g(\256elds)h(in)f
  608. X(the)g(lines.)g(Picture)h(\256elds)f(are:)409 2327 y Fi(@<<<...)69
  609. Xb Fj(left)11 b(adjusted)g(\256eld,)h(repeat)g(the)f Fi(<)h
  610. XFj(to)f(denote)g(the)g(desired)h(width;)409 2383 y Fi(@>>>...)69
  611. Xb Fj(right)11 b(adjusted)f(\256eld;)409 2440 y Fi(@|)q(||)q(...)67
  612. Xb Fj(centered)12 b(\256eld;)409 2496 y Fi(@#.##...)42 b Fj(numeric)11
  613. Xb(format)g(with)g(implied)f(decimal)h(point;)409 2553 y Fi(@*)204
  614. Xb Fj(a)12 b(multi-line)d(\256eld.)354 2617 y(Use)j Fi(\303)g
  615. XFj(instead)e(of)i Fi(@)g Fj(for)f(multi-line)f(block)h(\256lling.)354
  616. X2682 y(Use)h Fi(\304)g Fj(at)f(the)g(beginning)f(of)i(a)f(line)g(to)g
  617. X(suppress)g(unwanted)g(empty)f(lines.)354 2747 y(Use)i Fi(\304\304)g
  618. XFj(at)f(the)h(beginning)e(of)h(a)h(line)f(to)g(have)g(this)g(format)g(line)g
  619. X(repeated)h(until)e(all)h(\256elds)354 2803 y(are)h(exhausted.)354
  620. X2868 y(Use)g Fi($-)g Fj(to)f(zero)h(to)f(force)h(a)g(page)f(break.)354
  621. X2933 y(See)i(also)e Fi($\303)p Fj(,)h Fi($\304)p Fj(,)h Fi($-)f
  622. XFj(and)f Fi($=)i Fj(in)e(section)f(\252Special)j(V)-5 b(ariables\272.)p
  623. X354 3018 1512 3 v 1811 3065 a Fg(14)p eop
  624. X%%Page: 15 17
  625. Xbop 354 -101 a Fg(Perl)14 b(Reference)f(Guide)p 354 -89 1512
  626. X3 v 355 -2 a Fl(22.)19 b(Info)h(from)h(system)g(\256les)p 355
  627. X19 1512 2 v 354 119 a Fj(See)13 b(the)e(manual)g(about)g(return)g(values)g
  628. X(in)g(scalar)h(context.)354 184 y Fg(passwd)354 241 y Fj(Returns)g(\()p
  629. XFi($)p Fj(name,)g Fi($)q Fj(passwd,)f Fi($)p Fj(uid,)g Fi($)q
  630. XFj(gid,)g Fi($)p Fj(quota,)h Fi($)p Fj(comment,)f Fi($)p Fj(gcos,)h
  631. XFi($)p Fj(dir)n(,)g Fi($)p Fj(shell\).)354 305 y Fd(endpwent)517
  632. Xb Fj(Ends)11 b(lookup)f(processing.)354 370 y Fd(getpwent)528
  633. Xb Fj(Gets)11 b(next)g(info.)354 435 y Fd(getpwnam\()p Ff(NAME)p
  634. XFd(\))356 b Fj(Gets)11 b(info)g(by)g(name.)354 500 y Fd(getpwuid\()p
  635. XFf(UID)p Fd(\))428 b Fj(Gets)11 b(info)g(by)g(uid.)354 564
  636. Xy Fd(setpwent)530 b Fj(Resets)12 b(lookup)e(processing.)354
  637. X654 y Fg(group)354 711 y Fj(Returns)i(\()p Fi($)p Fj(name,)g
  638. XFi($)q Fj(passwd,)f Fi($)p Fj(gid,)g Fi($)q Fj(members\).)354
  639. X775 y Fd(endgrent)533 b Fj(Ends)11 b(lookup)f(processing.)354
  640. X840 y Fd(getgrgid\()p Ff(GID)p Fd(\))442 b Fj(Gets)11 b(info)g(by)g(group)g
  641. X(id.)354 905 y Fd(getgrnam\()p Ff(NAME)p Fd(\))372 b Fj(Gets)11
  642. Xb(info)g(by)g(name.)354 970 y Fd(getgrent)544 b Fj(Gets)11
  643. Xb(next)g(info.)354 1034 y Fd(setgrent)546 b Fj(Resets)12 b(lookup)e
  644. X(processing.)354 1124 y Fg(hosts)354 1180 y Fj(Returns)i(\()p
  645. XFi($)p Fj(name,)g Fi($)q Fj(aliases,)f Fi($)p Fj(addrtype,)h
  646. XFi($)p Fj(length,)f(@addrs\).)354 1245 y Fd(endhostent)487
  647. Xb Fj(Ends)11 b(lookup)f(processing.)354 1310 y Fd(gethostbyaddr\()p
  648. XFf(ADDR)p Fd(,)p Ff(ADDR)o(TYPE)p Fd(\))39 b Fj(Gets)11 b(info)g(by)g
  649. X(address.)354 1375 y Fd(gethostbyname\()p Ff(NAME)p Fd(\))255
  650. Xb Fj(Gets)11 b(info)g(by)g(name.)354 1439 y Fd(gethostent)498
  651. Xb Fj(Gets)11 b(next)g(info.)354 1504 y Fd(sethostent\()p Ff(ST)m(A)m(YOPEN)p
  652. XFd(\))251 b Fj(Resets)12 b(lookup)e(processing.)354 1594 y
  653. XFg(networks)354 1650 y Fj(Returns)i(\()p Fi($)p Fj(name,)g
  654. XFi($)q Fj(aliases,)f Fi($)p Fj(addrtype,)h Fi($)p Fj(net\).)354
  655. X1715 y Fd(endnetent)512 b Fj(Ends)11 b(lookup)f(processing.)354
  656. X1780 y Fd(getnetbyaddr\()p Ff(ADDR)p Fd(,)p Ff(TYPE)p Fd(\))181
  657. Xb Fj(Gets)11 b(info)g(by)g(address)h(and)f(type.)354 1845 y
  658. XFd(getnetbyname\()p Ff(NAME)p Fd(\))280 b Fj(Gets)11 b(info)g(by)g(name.)354
  659. X1909 y Fd(getnetent)523 b Fj(Gets)11 b(next)g(info.)354 1974
  660. Xy Fd(setnetent\()p Ff(ST)m(A)m(YOPEN)p Fd(\))276 b Fj(Resets)12
  661. Xb(lookup)e(processing.)354 2064 y Fg(services)354 2120 y Fj(Returns)i(\()p
  662. XFi($)p Fj(name,)g Fi($)q Fj(aliases,)f Fi($)p Fj(port,)h Fi($)p
  663. XFj(proto\).)354 2185 y Fd(endservent)489 b Fj(Ends)11 b(lookup)f(processing.)
  664. X354 2250 y Fd(getservbyname\()p Ff(NAME)p Fd(,)i Ff(PROT)o(O)p
  665. XFd(\))87 b Fj(Gets)11 b(info)g(by)g(name.)354 2315 y Fd(getservbyport\()p
  666. XFf(POR)o(T)p Fd(,)j Ff(PROT)o(O)p Fd(\))120 b Fj(Gets)11 b(info)g(by)g(port.)
  667. X354 2379 y Fd(getservent)500 b Fj(Gets)11 b(next)g(info.)354
  668. X2444 y Fd(setservent\()p Ff(ST)m(A)m(YOPEN)p Fd(\))253 b Fj(Resets)12
  669. Xb(lookup)e(processing.)354 2534 y Fg(protocols)354 2590 y Fj(Returns)i(\()p
  670. XFi($)p Fj(name,)g Fi($)q Fj(aliases,)f Fi($)p Fj(proto\).)354
  671. X2655 y Fd(endprotoent)469 b Fj(Ends)11 b(lookup)f(processing.)354
  672. X2720 y Fd(getprotobyname\()p Ff(NAME)p Fd(\))237 b Fj(Gets)11
  673. Xb(info)g(by)g(name.)354 2784 y Fd(getprotobynumber\()p Ff(NUMBER)p
  674. XFd(\))134 b Fj(Gets)11 b(info)g(by)g(number)m(.)354 2849 y
  675. XFd(getprotoent)480 b Fj(Gets)11 b(next)g(info.)354 2914 y Fd(setprotoent\()p
  676. XFf(ST)m(A)m(YOPEN)p Fd(\))233 b Fj(Resets)12 b(lookup)e(processing.)p
  677. X354 3018 1512 3 v 354 3065 a Fg(15)p eop
  678. X%%Page: 16 18
  679. Xbop 1362 -101 a Fg(Perl)14 b(Reference)f(Guide)p 354 -89 1512
  680. X3 v 355 -2 a Fl(23.)19 b(Regular)i(expressions)p 355 19 1512
  681. X2 v 354 119 a Fj(Each)12 b(character)h(matches)e(itself,)g(unless)g(it)f(is)h
  682. X(one)h(of)f(the)g(special)g(characters)354 176 y Fi(+?.*\(\)[])q({}|)t(\\)p
  683. XFj(.)354 241 y Fi(.)91 b Fj(matches)11 b(an)h(arbitrary)g(character)n(,)h
  684. X(but)e(not)f(a)i(newline.)354 305 y Fi(\()p Fc(:)c(:)g(:)e
  685. XFi(\))21 b Fj(groups)11 b(a)h(series)f(of)h(pattern)f(elements)g(to)g(a)g
  686. X(single)g(element.)354 370 y Fi(+)91 b Fj(matches)11 b(the)h(preceding)f
  687. X(pattern)g(element)g(one)h(or)f(more)g(times.)354 435 y Fi(?)91
  688. Xb Fj(matches)11 b(zero)h(or)g(one)f(times.)354 500 y Fi(*)91
  689. Xb Fj(matches)11 b(zero)h(or)g(more)f(times.)354 564 y Fi({)q
  690. XFf(N)p Fi(,)p Ff(M)p Fi(})21 b Fj(denotes)11 b(the)g(minimum)e
  691. XFf(N)i Fj(and)h(maximum)d Ff(M)i Fj(match)g(count.)h Fi({)p
  692. XFf(N)p Fi(})g Fj(means)472 621 y(exactly)g Ff(N)f Fj(times;)f
  693. XFi({)p Ff(N)p Fi(,})j Fj(means)e(at)g(least)g Ff(N)h Fj(times.)354
  694. X686 y Fi([)p Fc(:)c(:)g(:)e Fi(])21 b Fj(denotes)11 b(a)h(class)f(of)h
  695. X(characters)g(to)f(match.)h Fi([\303)p Fc(:)c(:)g(:)e Fi(])12
  696. Xb Fj(negates)f(the)g(class.)354 750 y Fi(\()p Fc(:)d(:)g(:)e
  697. XFi(|)q Fc(:)i(:)g(:)d Fi(|)q Fc(:)j(:)g(:)d Fi(\))21 b Fj(matches)12
  698. Xb(one)f(of)g(the)h(alternatives.)354 815 y(Non-alphanumerics)f(can)h(be)f
  699. X(escaped)h(from)f(their)g(special)h(meaning)e(using)h(a)g Fi(\\)p
  700. XFj(.)354 880 y Fi(\\w)64 b Fj(matches)11 b(alphanumeric,)h(including)e(\252)p
  701. XFi(_)p Fj(\272,)j Fi(\\W)f Fj(matches)f(non-alphanumeric.)354
  702. X945 y Fi(\\b)64 b Fj(matches)11 b(word)h(boundaries,)f Fi(\\B)h
  703. XFj(matches)f(non-boundaries.)354 1009 y Fi(\\s)64 b Fj(matches)11
  704. Xb(whitespace,)h Fi(\\S)g Fj(matches)f(non-whitespace.)354 1074
  705. Xy Fi(\\d)64 b Fj(matches)11 b(numeric,)h Fi(\\D)g Fj(matches)f(non-numeric.)
  706. X354 1139 y Fi(\\n)p Fj(,)i Fi(\\r)p Fj(,)g Fi(\\f)p Fj(,)f
  707. XFi(\\t)g Fj(etc.)22 b(have)11 b(their)h(usual)e(meaning.)354
  708. X1204 y Fi(\\w)p Fj(,)j Fi(\\s)f Fj(and)g Fi(\\d)21 b Fj(may)11
  709. Xb(be)h(used)f(within)f(character)j(classes,)e Fi(\\b)h Fj(denotes)f
  710. X(backspace)h(in)472 1260 y(this)f(context.)354 1325 y Fi(\\1)p
  711. XFc(:)d(:)g(:)f Fi(\\9)21 b Fj(refer)13 b(to)e(matched)g(sub-expressions,)f
  712. X(grouped)h(with)g Fi(\(\))p Fj(,)i(inside)d(the)h(match.)354
  713. X1390 y Fi(\\10)37 b Fj(and)12 b(up)f(can)h(also)f(be)g(used)g(if)h(the)f
  714. X(pattern)g(matches)g(that)g(many)g(sub-expressions.)354 1454
  715. Xy(See)i(also)e Fi($1)p Fc(:)d(:)g(:)e Fi($9)p Fj(,)13 b Fi($+)p
  716. XFj(,)f Fi($&)p Fj(,)h Fi($`)f Fj(and)f Fi($')i Fj(in)e(section)f(\252Special)
  717. Xj(V)-5 b(ariables\272.)355 1578 y Fl(24.)19 b(Special)h(variables)p
  718. X355 1599 V 354 1699 a Fj(The)12 b(following)e(variables)h(are)h(global)f(and)
  719. Xg(should)f(be)i(localized)f(in)g(subroutines:)354 1764 y Fi($_)64
  720. Xb Fj(The)12 b(default)f(input)f(and)i(pattern-searching)f(space.)354
  721. X1829 y Fi($.)64 b Fj(The)12 b(current)g(input)e(line)h(number)g(of)g(the)g
  722. X(last)g(\256lehandle)h(that)f(was)g(read.)354 1893 y Fi($/)64
  723. Xb Fj(The)12 b(input)e(record)i(separator)n(,)h(newline)e(by)g(default.)g(May)
  724. Xg(be)h(multi-character)m(.)354 1958 y Fi($,)64 b Fj(The)12
  725. Xb(output)e(\256eld)i(separator)f(for)h(the)f(print)g(operator)m(.)354
  726. X2023 y Fi($")64 b Fj(The)12 b(separator)g(which)f(joins)f(elements)h(of)g
  727. X(arrays)h(interpolated)f(in)g(strings.)354 2088 y Fi($\\)64
  728. Xb Fj(The)12 b(output)e(record)i(separator)g(for)f(the)h(print)e(operator)m(.)
  729. X354 2152 y Fi($#)64 b Fj(The)12 b(output)e(format)h(for)h(printed)f(numbers.)
  730. Xg(Initial)f(value)h(is)g(\252)p Fi(\045.20g)p Fj(\272.)354
  731. X2217 y Fi($*)64 b Fj(Set)12 b(to)f(1)g(to)g(do)g(multiline)f(matching)g
  732. X(within)g(a)i(string,)f(0)g(to)g(assume)g(strings)f(contain)472
  733. X2274 y(a)i(single)f(line.)g(Default)g(is)g(0.)354 2338 y Fi($?)64
  734. Xb Fj(The)12 b(status)e(returned)i(by)f(the)g(last)g Fi(`)p
  735. XFf(COMMAND)p Fi(`)p Fj(,)h(pipe)f(close)g(or)g Fd(system)472
  736. X2395 y Fj(operator)m(.)354 2460 y Fi($])64 b Fj(The)12 b(perl)f(version)g
  737. X(string)g(\(as)g(displayed)g(with)f Fi(perl)29 b(-v)p Fj(\),)13
  738. Xb(or)f(version)e(number)m(.)354 2524 y Fi($[)64 b Fj(The)12
  739. Xb(index)f(of)g(the)g(\256rst)h(element)f(in)g(an)g(array)m(,)i(and)e(of)h
  740. X(the)f(\256rst)g(character)i(in)e(a)472 2581 y(substring.)g(Default)g(is)g
  741. X(0.)354 2646 y Fi($;)64 b Fj(The)12 b(subscript)e(separator)i(for)g
  742. X(multi-dimensional)c(array)k(emulation.)f(Default)g(is)472
  743. X2702 y Fi("\\034")p Fj(.)354 2767 y Fi($!)64 b Fj(If)12 b(used)f(in)g(a)h
  744. X(numeric)f(context,)g(yields)g(the)g(current)h(value)f(of)h(errno.)g(If)g
  745. X(used)f(in)g(a)472 2823 y(string)g(context,)g(yields)g(the)g(corresponding)g
  746. X(error)h(string.)354 2888 y Fi($@)64 b Fj(The)12 b(perl)f(error)h(message)g
  747. X(from)f(the)g(last)g(eval)g(or)h Fd(do)g Ff(EXPR)e Fj(command.)p
  748. X354 3018 1512 3 v 1811 3065 a Fg(16)p eop
  749. X%%Page: 17 19
  750. Xbop 354 -101 a Fg(Perl)14 b(Reference)f(Guide)p 354 -89 1512
  751. X3 v 354 -12 a Fi($:)64 b Fj(The)12 b(set)f(of)g(characters)i(after)f(which)f
  752. X(a)h(string)e(may)h(be)h(broken)f(to)g(\256ll)g(continuation)472
  753. X45 y(\256elds)h(\(starting)e(with)h(\252)p Fi(\303)p Fj(\272\))i(in)e(a)g
  754. X(format.)354 110 y Fi($0)64 b Fj(The)12 b(name)f(of)h(the)f(\256le)h
  755. X(containing)e(the)h(perl)g(script)g(being)g(executed.)h(May)f(be)472
  756. X166 y(assigned)g(to.)354 231 y Fi($$)64 b Fj(The)12 b(process)f(number)g(of)h
  757. X(the)f(perl)g(running)g(this)f(script.)h(Altered)h(\(in)f(the)g(child)472
  758. X287 y(process\))h(by)f Fd(fork)p Fj(.)354 352 y Fi($<)64 b
  759. XFj(The)12 b(real)g(uid)e(of)i(this)e(process.)354 417 y Fi($>)64
  760. Xb Fj(The)12 b(ef)o(fective)g(uid)f(of)g(this)g(process.)354
  761. X482 y Fi($\()64 b Fj(The)12 b(real)g(gid)e(of)i(this)e(process.)354
  762. X546 y Fi($\))64 b Fj(The)12 b(ef)o(fective)g(gid)f(of)g(this)g(process.)354
  763. X611 y Fi($\303D)37 b Fj(The)12 b(debug)f(\257ags)h(as)f(passed)g(to)g(perl)h
  764. X(using)e Fi(-D)i Fj(.)354 676 y Fi($\303F)37 b Fj(The)12 b(highest)e(system)g
  765. X(\256le)i(descriptor)n(,)g(ordinarily)e(2.)354 741 y Fi($\303I)37
  766. Xb Fj(In-place)12 b(edit)f(extension)g(as)g(passed)g(to)g(perl)h(using)e
  767. XFi(-i)i Fj(.)354 805 y Fi($\303L)37 b Fj(Formfeed)12 b(character)h(used)e(in)
  768. Xg(formats.)354 870 y Fi($\303P)37 b Fj(Internal)12 b(debugging)e(\257ag.)354
  769. X935 y Fi($\303T)37 b Fj(The)12 b(time)e(\(as)i(delivered)f(by)h
  770. XFd(time)p Fj(\))e(when)i(the)f(program)g(started.)h(This)e(value)i(is)472
  771. X991 y(used)g(by)f(the)g(\256le)h(test)e(operators)i(\252)p
  772. XFi(-M)p Fj(\272,)h(\252)p Fi(-A)p Fj(\272)g(and)e(\252)p Fi(-C)p
  773. XFj(\272.)354 1056 y Fi($\303W)37 b Fj(The)12 b(value)f(if)g(the)h
  774. XFi(-w)g Fj(option)e(as)i(passed)f(to)g(perl.)354 1121 y Fi($\303X)37
  775. Xb Fj(The)12 b(name)f(by)g(which)g(this)g(perl)g(was)h(invoked.)354
  776. X1186 y(The)g(following)e(variables)h(are)h(context)f(dependent)g(and)g(need)h
  777. X(not)f(be)g(localized:)354 1250 y Fi($\045)64 b Fj(The)12 b(current)g(page)f
  778. X(number)g(of)h(the)f(currently)g(selected)h(output)e(channel.)354
  779. X1315 y Fi($=)64 b Fj(The)12 b(page)f(length)g(of)h(the)f(current)g(output)g
  780. X(channel.)g(Default)h(is)f(60)g(lines.)354 1380 y Fi($-)64
  781. Xb Fj(The)12 b(number)f(of)g(lines)g(left)g(on)g(the)g(page.)354
  782. X1445 y Fi($\304)64 b Fj(The)12 b(name)f(of)h(the)f(current)h(report)f
  783. X(format.)354 1509 y Fi($\303)64 b Fj(The)12 b(name)f(of)h(the)f(current)h
  784. X(top-of-page)f(format.)354 1574 y Fi($|)64 b Fj(If)12 b(set)f(to)g(nonzero,)h
  785. X(forces)g(a)g(\257ush)f(after)h(every)g(write)f(or)h(print)e(on)h(the)h
  786. X(currently)472 1631 y(selected)g(output)e(channel.)i(Default)f(is)g(0.)354
  787. X1695 y Fi($ARGV)23 b Fj(The)11 b(name)h(of)f(the)g(current)h(\256le)g(when)f
  788. X(reading)h(from)f Fi(<>)h Fj(.)354 1760 y(The)g(following)e(variables)h(are)h
  789. X(always)f(local)h(to)f(the)g(current)g(block:)354 1825 y Fi($&)64
  790. Xb Fj(The)12 b(string)e(matched)h(by)g(the)h(last)f(successful)g(pattern)g
  791. X(match.)354 1890 y Fi($`)64 b Fj(The)12 b(string)e(preceding)i(what)f(was)g
  792. X(matched)g(by)h(the)f(last)g(successful)g(match.)354 1954 y
  793. XFi($')64 b Fj(The)12 b(string)e(following)g(what)h(was)h(matched)f(by)g(the)g
  794. X(last)g(successful)g(match.)354 2019 y Fi($+)64 b Fj(The)12
  795. Xb(last)f(bracket)h(matched)f(by)g(the)g(last)g(search)h(pattern.)354
  796. X2084 y Fi($)q(1)p Fc(:)c(:)g(:)e Fi($9)p Fc(:)i(:)g(:)472 2140
  797. Xy Fj(Contains)j(the)g(subpattern)f(from)h(the)g(corresponding)g(set)g(of)g
  798. X(parentheses)g(in)g(the)g(last)472 2197 y(pattern)h(successfully)e(matched.)i
  799. XFi($10)p Fc(:)c(:)g(:)f Fj(and)k(up)g(are)h(only)f(available)g(if)g(the)h
  800. X(match)472 2253 y(contained)f(that)g(many)g(sub-expressions.)355
  801. X2376 y Fl(25.)19 b(Special)h(arrays)p 355 2397 1512 2 v 354
  802. X2498 a Fi(@ARGV)42 b Fj(Contains)11 b(the)h(command)e(line)h(ar)o(guments)g
  803. X(for)g(the)h(script)e(\(not)h(including)f(the)531 2554 y(command)h(name\).)
  804. X354 2619 y Fi(@INC)69 b Fj(Contains)11 b(the)h(list)e(of)h(places)h(to)f
  805. X(look)f(for)i(perl)f(scripts)g(to)g(be)g(evaluated)h(by)f(the)531
  806. X2676 y Fd(do)i Ff(FILENAME)d Fj(and)h Fd(require)h Fj(commands.)354
  807. X2740 y Fi(@_)123 b Fj(Parameter)11 b(array)g(for)f(subroutines.)f(Also)g
  808. X(used)h(by)f Fd(split)g Fj(if)h(not)f(in)h(array)g(context.)354
  809. X2805 y Fi(\045ENV)69 b Fj(Contains)11 b(the)h(current)f(environment.)354
  810. X2870 y Fi(\045INC)69 b Fj(List)11 b(of)g(\256les)h(that)f(have)g(been)h
  811. XFd(require)p Fj(d)g(or)g Fd(do)p Fj(ne.)354 2935 y Fi(\045SIG)69
  812. Xb Fj(Used)12 b(to)f(set)g(signal)f(handlers)h(for)h(various)f(signals.)p
  813. X354 3018 1512 3 v 354 3065 a Fg(17)p eop
  814. X%%Page: 18 20
  815. Xbop 1362 -101 a Fg(Perl)14 b(Reference)f(Guide)p 354 -89 1512
  816. X3 v 355 -2 a Fl(26.)19 b(The)i(perl)f(debugger)p 355 19 1512
  817. X2 v 354 119 a Fj(The)12 b(perl)f(symbolic)f(debugger)h(is)g(invoked)g(with)f
  818. XFi(perl)29 b(-d)p Fj(.)354 184 y Fi(h)269 b Fj(Prints)11 b(out)f(a)i(help)f
  819. X(message.)354 249 y Fi(T)269 b Fj(Stack)11 b(trace.)354 314
  820. Xy Fi(s)269 b Fj(Single)11 b(steps.)354 378 y Fi(n)269 b Fj(Single)11
  821. Xb(steps)f(around)i(subroutine)e(call.)354 443 y Fi(r)269 b
  822. XFj(Returns)11 b(from)g(the)g(current)h(subroutine.)354 508
  823. Xy Fi(c)g Fj([)p Ff(LINE)p Fj(])134 b(Continues)10 b(\(until)h
  824. XFf(LINE)p Fj(,)g(or)g(another)h(breakpoint)e(or)i(exit\).)p
  825. X354 530 112 2 v 354 585 2 56 v 368 573 a Ff(RET)p 464 585 V
  826. X354 587 112 2 v 199 w Fj(Repeats)g(last)e Fi(s)i Fj(or)g Fi(n)p
  827. XFj(.)354 637 y Fi(l)g Fj([)p Ff(RANGE)p Fj(])79 b(Lists)10
  828. Xb(a)i(range)f(of)h(lines.)f Ff(RANGE)g Fj(may)g(be)g(a)h(number)n(,)g
  829. X(start-end,)650 694 y(start+amount,)e(or)h(a)h(subroutine)e(name.)i(If)g
  830. X(omitted,)e(lists)g(next)h(window)m(.)354 759 y Fi(f)h Ff(FILE)169
  831. Xb Fj(Switches)11 b(to)g Ff(FILE)g Fj(and)g(start)g(listing)f(it.)354
  832. X823 y Fi(-)269 b Fj(Lists)10 b(previous)h(window)m(.)354 888
  833. Xy Fi(w)269 b Fj(Lists)10 b(window)g(around)i(current)f(line.)354
  834. X953 y Fi(l)h Ff(SUB)171 b Fj(Lists)10 b(the)h(named)g Ff(SUB)p
  835. XFj(routine.)354 1018 y Fi(/)p Ff(P)m(A)m(TTERN)p Fi(/)54 b
  836. XFj(Forward)12 b(search)g(for)f Ff(P)m(A)m(TTERN)p Fj(.)354
  837. X1082 y Fi(?)p Ff(P)m(A)m(TTERN)p Fi(?)54 b Fj(Backward)12 b(search)g(for)g
  838. XFf(P)m(A)m(TTERN)p Fj(.)354 1147 y Fi(L)269 b Fj(Lists)10 b(lines)h(that)f
  839. X(have)i(breakpoints)f(or)g(actions.)354 1212 y Fi(S)269 b Fj(List)10
  840. Xb(the)h(names)g(of)h(all)f(subroutines.)354 1277 y Fi(t)269
  841. Xb Fj(T)m(oggles)10 b(trace)i(mode.)354 1342 y Fi(b)g Fj([)p
  842. XFf(LINE)f Fj([)p Ff(CONDITION)p Fj(]])650 1398 y(Sets)g(breakpoint)g(at)g
  843. XFf(LINE)p Fj(,)g(default:)g(current)h(line.)354 1463 y Fi(b)g
  844. XFf(SUBNAME)e Fj([)p Ff(CONDITION)p Fj(])650 1519 y(Sets)h(breakpoint)g(at)g
  845. X(the)g(subroutine.)354 1584 y Fi(S)269 b Fj(Lists)10 b(names)h(of)g(all)g
  846. X(subroutines.)354 1649 y Fi(d)h Fj([)p Ff(LINE)p Fj(])134 b(Deletes)11
  847. Xb(breakpoint)g(at)g(the)g(given)g(line.)354 1713 y Fi(D)269
  848. Xb Fj(Deletes)11 b(all)g(breakpoints.)354 1778 y Fi(a)h Ff(LINE)f(COMMAND)650
  849. X1835 y Fj(Sets)g(an)h(action)f(for)g(line.)354 1899 y Fi(A)269
  850. Xb Fj(Deletes)11 b(all)g(line)g(actions.)354 1964 y Fi(<)h Ff(COMMAND)37
  851. Xb Fj(Sets)11 b(an)h(action)f(to)g(be)g(executed)h(before)g(every)g(debugger)f
  852. X(prompt.)354 2029 y Fi(>)h Ff(COMMAND)37 b Fj(Sets)11 b(an)h(action)f(to)g
  853. X(be)g(executed)h(before)g(every)g Fi(s)p Fj(,)g Fi(c)g Fj(or)f
  854. XFi(n)h Fj(command.)354 2094 y Fi(V)g Fj([)p Ff(P)m(ACKAGE)e
  855. XFj([)p Ff(V)m(ARS)p Fj(])h(])650 2150 y(Lists)f(all)h(variables)g(in)g(a)h
  856. X(package.)g(Default)g(package)g(is)e(main.)354 2215 y Fi(X)i
  857. XFj([)p Ff(V)m(ARS)p Fj(])116 b(Like)11 b Fi(V)p Fj(,)h(but)f(assumes)f
  858. X(current)i(package.)354 2280 y Fi(!)g Fj([)g([-])p Ff(NUMBER)p
  859. XFj(])650 2336 y(Redo)f(a)h(debugging)e(command.)h(Default)h(is)e(previous)h
  860. X(command.)354 2401 y Fi(H)h Fj([-)p Ff(NUMBER)p Fj(])31 b(Displays)10
  861. Xb(the)h(last)g(-)p Ff(NUMBER)f Fj(commands)h(of)g(more)g(than)g(one)h(letter)
  862. Xm(.)354 2466 y Fi(q)269 b Fj(Quits.)10 b(Y)-5 b(ou)12 b(may)f(also)g(use)g
  863. X(your)p 1199 2423 114 2 v 1199 2479 2 57 v 25 w Ff(EOF)p 1311
  864. X2479 V 1199 2481 114 2 v 26 w Fj(character)m(.)354 2530 y Ff(COMMAND)76
  865. Xb Fj(Executes)11 b Ff(COMMAND)f Fj(as)i(a)f(perl)h(statement.)354
  866. X2595 y Fi(p)g Ff(EXPR)p Fe(y)122 b Fj(Prints)11 b Ff(EXPR)p
  867. XFj(.)354 2660 y Fi(=)h Fj([)p Ff(ALIAS)f(V)m(ALUE)p Fj(])650
  868. X2716 y(Sets)g(alias,)h(or)f(lists)f(current)i(aliases.)p 354
  869. X3018 1512 3 v 1811 3065 a Fg(18)p eop
  870. X%%Page: 19 21
  871. Xbop 354 -101 a Fg(Perl)14 b(Reference)f(Guide)p 354 -89 1512
  872. X3 v 355 -2 a Fl(27.)19 b(Environment)i(variables)p 355 19 1512
  873. X2 v 354 119 a Fj(Perl)12 b(uses)f(the)h(following)e(environment)g(variables.)
  874. X354 184 y Fi(HOME)69 b Fj(Used)12 b(if)f Fd(chdir)h Fj(has)f(no)g(ar)o
  875. X(gument.)354 249 y Fi(LOGDIR)531 305 y Fj(Used)h(if)f Fd(chdir)h
  876. XFj(has)f(no)g(ar)o(gument)g(and)h Fi(HOME)h Fj(is)e(not)f(set.)354
  877. X370 y Fi(PATH)69 b Fj(Used)12 b(in)f(executing)g(subprocesses,)g(and)g(in)g
  878. X(\256nding)g(the)g(perl)h(script)e(if)i Fi(-S)g Fj(is)531 427
  879. Xy(used.)354 491 y Fi(PERLLIB)531 548 y Fj(A)g(colon-separated)f(list)g(of)g
  880. X(directories)g(to)g(look)g(for)g(perl)h(library)f(\256les)h(before)531
  881. X604 y(looking)e(in)h(the)h(standard)f(library)g(and)g(the)g(current)h
  882. X(directory)m(.)354 669 y Fi(PERLDB)531 725 y Fj(The)g(command)e(to)h(get)h
  883. X(the)f(debugger)g(code.)h(Defaults)f(to)531 782 y Fi(require)31
  884. Xb('perldb.pl)q(')s Fj(.)354 967 y Fl(Notes)p 354 988 V 354
  885. X2938 a Fj(Perl)12 b(Reference)i(Guide)d(Revision)g(4.035.1)1345
  886. X2937 y(c)1333 2938 y Fe(\015)p Fj(1989,1992)g(Johan)f(V)m(romans)p
  887. X354 3018 1512 3 v 354 3065 a Fg(19)p eop
  888. X%%Trailer
  889. Xend
  890. Xuserdict /end-hook known{end-hook}if
  891. X%%EOF
  892. END_OF_FILE
  893.   if test 43530 -ne `wc -c <'refbase.ps.B'`; then
  894.     echo shar: \"'refbase.ps.B'\" unpacked with wrong size!
  895.   elif test -f 'refbase.ps.A'; then
  896.     echo shar: Recreating \"'refbase.ps'\" \(85970 characters\)
  897.     cat 'refbase.ps.A' 'refbase.ps.B' > 'refbase.ps'
  898.     if test 85970 -ne `wc -c <'refbase.ps'`; then
  899.       echo shar: \"'refbase.ps'\" combined with wrong size!
  900.     else
  901.       rm refbase.ps.A refbase.ps.B
  902.     fi
  903.   fi
  904.   # end of 'refbase.ps.B'
  905. fi
  906. echo shar: End of archive 1 \(of 4\).
  907. cp /dev/null ark1isdone
  908. MISSING=""
  909. for I in 1 2 3 4 ; do
  910.     if test ! -f ark${I}isdone ; then
  911.     MISSING="${MISSING} ${I}"
  912.     fi
  913. done
  914. if test "${MISSING}" = "" ; then
  915.     echo You have unpacked all 4 archives.
  916.     rm -f ark[1-9]isdone
  917. else
  918.     echo You still must unpack the following archives:
  919.     echo "        " ${MISSING}
  920. fi
  921. exit 0
  922. exit 0 # Just in case...
  923.